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* 622 [[French authors]], from 1101<br> * 622 [[French authors]], from 1101<br>
* 368 [[English authors]], from 1445 <br> * 368 [[English authors]], from 1445 <br>
- +* 221 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&gender=F&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&Country_ID=4&personal=&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Germany], from 1098<br>
-<br>+* 90 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=10&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn the United States], from 1612<br>
- +* 81 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&gender=F&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&Country_ID=5&personal=&bibliography=&pageSize=50&page=1 Italy], from 1314<br>
-* [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&gender=F&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&Country_ID=4&personal=&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn 210 authors] from Germany,<br>+* 69 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&gender=F&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&Country_ID=7&personal=&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Sweden], from 1303<br>
-* [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=10&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn 80] from the United States,<br>+* 50 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=22&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Belgium (Southern Netherlands)], from 1177 <br>
-* [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&gender=F&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&Country_ID=7&personal=&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn 65] from Sweden,<br>+* 31 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=8&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Russia], from 1714 <br>
-* [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&gender=F&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&Country_ID=5&personal=&bibliography=&pageSize=50&page=1 80] from Italy, or: writing in Italian....<br><br>+* 28 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=12&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Denmark], from 1610<br>
- +* 24 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=24&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn in Ireland], from 1613<br>
 +* 22 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=25&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Norway], from 1780 <br>
 +* 17 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=19&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Switzerland], from 1694<br>
 +* 16 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=6&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Spain], from 1515<br>
 +* 10 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=20&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Austria], from 1633<br>
 +* 9 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=13&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Greece], from 1799<br>
 +* 9 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=2122&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Slovenia], from 1818 <br>
 +* 7 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=9&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Hungary], from 1779 <br>
 +* 7 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=17&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Czechia], from 1687 <br>
 +* 6 authors active in [http://www.databasewomenwriters.nl/results.asp?type=authors&year=&authorName=&notesfield=&pseudonym=1&Country_ID=15&personal=&professional=&Editor_ID=geen&bibliography=&pageSize=50&order=a.yearBorn Portugal], from 1458<br>
 +* 5 authors active in [ Poland], from 1700 <br>

Revision as of 15:28, 5 February 2009


Women writing,
and participating in the literary field



This part of the website presents women authors and their writing activities. On the basis of documentation entered by NEWW-participants into the database WomenWriters, we show them - using quantitative and qualitative approaches - as members of groups and sub-groups, and in some cases as individual outstanding figures. The objective is to present the writers in their context - allowing discussion of the place and role of female celebrities, and also of hitherto completely unknown or unnoticed women.

As clearly the database WomenWriters is not "complete", any interpretation or conclusion based upon it must be considered as provisional, and in need of check and further reflection. This is what this website is meant for.

In this project the word "author" is used in its broadest sense: a woman who wrote and published either fiction or non-fiction, books or contributions to the periodical press, her own texts or translations of writings by others, comments on others’ writings, etc. Therefore, "intermediaries" are being classified here as "authors".

This large definition is not wholly unproblematic. For example: what about oral literature? What about women, like Madame de Sévigné, who did not write for publication, but still exerted considerable influence, when the letters written to her daughter were published some 40 years after her death? These questions have been addressed during the first of the annual “NEWW November meetings”: 22 November 2007, and will be further discussed.


QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES


Authors can be classified - for the sake of their easily being found - according to the women's national identities. Here also problems arise, because of possible confusion between nationality and language. This is equally under discussion.

Dutch authors are over-represented, for the moment. This has to do with the fact that the first phase of the digitizing project focused on the reception of women's writing in the Netherlands and looked for traces of foreign authors finding Dutch readers. Indeed we found the names (or pseudonyms) and works of hundreds of non-Dutch authors having found readership in the Netherlands before c.1900. In terms of sheer discovery, this is certainly rewarding, but more astonishing still was the amount of Dutch authors we found. Instead of the average dozen women that appear in current Dutch literary historiography (concerning the periods before 1900), we found more than 700 Dutch names (19th century: 400; 18th: 175; 17th: 100; earlier: 25). This sounds incredible; analyses of the data and detailed study of the reception documents themselves will have to explain our findings and may account for the discrepancy between the numbers of lost and surviving authors.

For the other countries, the database WomenWriters is much less complete. Entry of data has not taken place in a systematic way: it depended on the writers' being received and read in the Netherlands and on individual interest of NEWW collaborators or occasional information being found by chance. In a next phase of the collaborative research much work is to be done here. For the moment these are the numbers per nationality, and an indication of the period concerned:


Other classifications than by nationality/language are possible, and may be no less usefull. For example:

by genre or type of writing activity:

or by place of birth or :

or by "authors' intentions", for example:

QUALITATIVE APPROACHES

[....]

SvD, February 2009




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